Life After Coal | Impilo Ngaphandle Kwamalahle

During the course of 2016, civil society organisations worked hard to ensure that the voices of South Africans would be heard in the process of determining our new energy policy embodied in the Integrated Resource Plan for Electricity (IRP) and

Integrated Energy Plan (IEP). On 31 March 2017, the Centre for Environmental Rights and many other organisations made submissions on the Integrated Resource Plan Update: Assumptions, Base Case Results and Observations, Revision 1 (“IRP Base Case”) and on the draft Integrated Energy Plan (“draft IEP”) published in November 2016.

Unfortunately, on the eve of the deadline for comments, South Africa was struck by the highly disruptive and sinister Cabinet Reshuffle announced by the Presidency. The gutting of principle and expertise in key Ministries has direct implications for the energy and resource planning process underway. There is now a clear divide between those concerned with protection of vested interests in coal and nuclear – with complete disregard for the health and well-being implications of those options for ordinary South Africans – and those who favour a just transition to renewable energy system that benefits all South Africans, and protects the health of our people and our environment for current and future generations.

We will not stand by and allow these forces to disregard South Africa’s Constitution and domestic laws, and to divert our country’s course towards securing cheaper, cleaner and greener electricity for all South Africans.

In CER’s submissions (with Annexure) we submit that the IRP Base Case and the draft IEP are not in line with the Constitutional right to a healthy environment, with South Africa’s environmental and energy laws, or with international commitments under the Paris Agreement, based on the fact that:

• the IRP Base Case and draft IEP provide for further and increased reliance on coal as an energy source, despite the harmful impacts of coal for human health, on climate change and the environment in general, and despite the social, environmental and economic risks of relying in coal as a future energy source;
• the IRP Base Case and draft IEP fail to give adequate consideration to the external social and environmental costs of coal-based electricity; and
• the IRP Base Case has unjustifiably constrained and limited the provision for renewable energy in South Africa’s electricity mix.

The IRP Base Case envisages further coal-fired power being commissioned as late as the year 2041.  This despite South Africa’s own national policy which confirms that the country is extremely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change; and South Africa’s commitments under the Paris Agreement to reduce our emissions from the year 2035 and for “near zero emissions in the second half of the century”.

The North Gauteng High Court has recently, in the case of Earthlife Africa Johannesburg v the Minister of Environmental Affairs & Others, confirmed the significance, and need for an assessment, of climate change impacts. Given that the climate change impacts of burning coal cannot be substantially mitigated, allowing any new coal in South Africa’s energy mix would mean further exposing the people of South Africa to the catastrophic impacts of climate change and to the health impacts of coal-fired power. The CER’s comments refer to the plethora of international case law where governments around the world are being held liable for not doing enough to protect their people from the harmful impacts of climate change.

If proper consideration is given in the IRP and IEP to climate change and the health impacts of coal-fired power, including the persistent non-compliance with ambient air quality standards in the areas where South Africa’s coal-fired power stations and refineries are based, no new coal-fired power stations can be allowed in South Africa’s planned energy mix.

The comments also point out that it is not economically feasible to have more coal in our energy mix, with renewable energy from solar and wind, now providing a much cheaper and healthier alternative to coal. Expensive, dirty coal plants run the significant risk of becoming stranded assets. In 2016 the amount of new coal capacity starting construction around the world was down by 62%.

In addition, the comments highlight numerous concerns over the public participation procedure followed to date in respect of the IRP Base Case and draft IEP, with the public being given very little time to consider and comment on the documents; annexures and further relevant additional documents being missing; and no clarity on or confirmation of further comment opportunities.

The CER recommends that:

• reasonable, adequate and further public participation opportunities in respect of both the IRP Update and the draft IEP must be provided, confirmed and clarified as soon as possible;
• the IRP and IEP must consider the full social and environmental costs (as well as the costs of necessary retrofits for abatement technology to ensure compliance with air emission standards) of the different energy options;
• there must be a comprehensive and accurate comparison of all proposed energy sources before any recommendations are made as to what energy sources can be included in South Africa’s energy planning;
• the constraint in the IRP Base Case on renewable energy sources for solar and wind must be removed; and
• no further new coal-fired power stations should be included in South Africa’s energy mix (including the preferred bidders under the first bid window of the Coal Baseload Independent Power Producers Procurement Programme (CBIPPPP)).

CER’s Life After Coal/Impilo Ngaphandle Kwamalahle Campaign partners groundWork and Earthlife Africa Johannesburg have also made submissions on the IRP Base Case and the draft IEP, highlighting, amongst other things, the health impacts of the energy mix proposed. The annexure to these comments is entitled Health impacts of coal fired power plants in South Africa, a report prepared by expert Dr Mike Holland.

We call upon the Department of Energy and the newly appointed Minister of Energy, Mmamoloko Kubayi, to revise and substantially amend the IRP Update and draft IEP to ensure that the constitutional right to a healthy environment is preserved and protected through South Africa’s future energy plans.

ENDS

For queries, contact Annette Gibbs on [email protected] or 082 467 1295.